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  語言障礙、吞咽困難,腦血管病後的應對方法 (4 อ่าน)

13 ม.ค. 2569 11:45

<h2><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18pt;">語言障礙、吞咽困難,腦血管病後的應對方法</span></h2>
<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在腦血管疾病後遺症中,</span></span><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">語言障礙和吞咽困難</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">往往比肢體偏癱更容易被忽視,卻對生活品質影響極大。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">患者說不清、吃不下,不僅影響交流和營養攝入,還可能引發誤吸、肺炎等嚴重併發症。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">從醫生角度看,這兩類問題</span></span><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">越早干預,恢復空間越大</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="16" style="font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 黑体;">樂威壯</span><span style="font-family: 黑体;">Levifil</span></span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; color: #333333; font-size: 16pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">威而鋼真實效果</span><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">德國紅魔威格拉</span><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;"> </span><span class="16" style="font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 黑体;">美國黃金偉哥</span><span style="font-family: 黑体;">Viag</span></span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; color: #333333; font-size: 16pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </span><span class="16" style="font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">GOODMAN陰莖增大丸</span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; color: #333333; font-size: 16pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">香港老中醫正品效果</span>

<h3><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 13.5pt;">一、為什麼腦血管病後容易出現這些問題?</span></h3>
<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">語言和吞咽功能,依賴大腦特定區域與多組神經、肌肉的精細配合。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">當腦卒中累及語言中樞、腦幹或相關神經通路時,就可能出現:</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">語言表達困難、說話含糊</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">聽得懂但說不出來</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">吞咽慢、嗆咳、進食困難</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">這並不代表</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">&ldquo;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">舌頭或喉嚨壞了</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">&rdquo;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,而是</span></span><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">神經控制出了問題</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">必利劲</span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">超級雙效希愛力</span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">威而鋼真實效果</span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">威而柔</span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">德國紅魔威格拉</span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">KAMAGRA-100水果味口含片</span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">金鑽超級艾力達雙效片</span><span class="15" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span class="16" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 黑体; color: #0000ff; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; font-size: 16.0000pt;">香港老中醫正品效果</span>

<h3><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、語言障礙的應對重點:訓練,而不是</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">&ldquo;代說&rdquo;</span></span></h3>
<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">常見語言障礙包括失語症、構音障礙等。應對原則是:</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">儘早介入語言訓練</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在病情穩定後,儘快由語言治療師評估並制定訓練計畫。</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">多給時間,不要搶答</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">家屬過度代說,會削弱患者表達的機會。</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">從簡單到複雜</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">先練單音、辭彙,再到短句、日常交流。</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">結合生活場景</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">點餐、打電話、描述物品,比機械朗讀更有效。</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">記住一句話:</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;">
</span><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">語言功能是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">&ldquo;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用出來的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">&rdquo;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,不是等出來的。</span></span>

<h3><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 13.5pt;">三、吞咽困難更危險,必須認真對待</span></h3>
<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">吞咽障礙不僅影響吃飯,更可能導致</span></span><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">誤吸性肺炎</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,這是腦卒中後常見的致命併發症之一。</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">醫生的實用建議包括:</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">進食前評估吞咽能力</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,必要時做吞咽功能檢查</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">調整食物質地</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:從糊狀、半流質開始</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">進食姿勢</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:坐直、低頭吞咽,避免躺著吃</span></span>

<p class="p"><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">少量多次</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,避免一次進食過多</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">如頻繁嗆咳、聲音變濕、進食後發熱,應立即就醫。</span></span>

<h3><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 13.5pt;">四、吞咽訓練的幾個關鍵點</span></h3>
<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">口腔與舌部運動訓練</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">冷刺激或觸覺刺激促進吞咽反射</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">配合呼吸節律進行吞咽</span></span>

<p class="p"><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">這些訓練</span></span><span class="15" style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">必須在專業指導下進行</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,不建議自行模仿網路視頻。</span></span>

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