One of the most misunderstood concepts in science is the difference between an association and a cause.Correlational research is the primary method used to identify these associations, but it requires a careful hand to interpret correctly. In this article, we clarify what correlational research is and why it remains a cornerstone of modern science despite its inability to prove causality. From identifying "spurious" relationships to understanding directionality, we cover everything you need to know to become a more critical consumer of scientific news and data.